Google routinely gives American and foreign governments information, including emails, according to Google’s Transparency Report.
Total information requests from Canada in 2013 totalled 101, of which only about a third resulted in some data being turned over.
According to the Transparency Report, Google seems to imply that it only discloses information such as sign-in IP addresses, account email and name, and other less sensitive information if the request is made directly from a Canadian government agency. Their language is vague, but it seems that email content would only be disclosed if requested through a diplomatic process like MLAT.
Types of information is disclosed for Gmail depends on the basis of request (made by a Canadian agency through the US Department of Justice):
Subpoena:
– Subscriber registration information (e.g., name, account creation information, associated email addresses, phone number)
– Sign-in IP addresses and associated time stamps
Court Order:
– Non-content information (such as non-content email header information)
– Information obtainable with a subpoena
Search Warrant:
– Email content
– Information obtainable with a subpoena or court order
Google does not provide information about the categories or specifics of the requests or the agencies which make them.